wildweaselmi

I love wireshark and how easy it is to use but it keeps crashing on me so I have to look to something less intensive I guess so I went to tcpdump and figured out how to run it so it will create a file every 20MB just like Wireshark did for up to 1000 files (so 1Gig worth of data) and here is the command I used. sudo tcpdump -i eth0 -nnvv -w /home/hosangit/captures/ustrocapture.log -W 1000 -C 20,000,000 Reference tcpdump man

I love wireshark and how easy it is to use but it keeps crashing on me so I have to look to something less intensive I guess so I went to tcpdump and figured out how to run it so it will create a file every 20MB just like Wireshark did for up to 1000 files (so 1Gig worth of data) and here is the command I used. sudo tcpdump -i eth0 -nnvv -w /home/hosangit/captures/ustrocapture.log -W 1000 -C 20,000,000 Reference tcpdump man

I've always used my Macbook or a Windows machine to perform network captures and analysis. The Macbook is still my preferred machine but I am not leaving my Macbook anywhere so capturing traffic is limited to while I am onsite. The Windows machine isn't reliable enough to stay up long enough to deem worthy and all the security patched (which all require a reboot) is creating more of a hassel then its worth. Also with Windows they use CIFS which means that Windows is unable to utilize even half the available bandwidth (this is fixed in Windows 7 from my understanding but other issues exist with Windows 7 currently not making it available). So what is the correct tool to use to capture network traffic and analze over a period of time. Answer: Ubuntu! I found an old Dell Inspiron 6000 that the LCD monitor doesn't work anymore on but the VGA output works find if connected to a monitor so I am using that laptop for my network laptop. I plugged in an old Compaq 10/100 PCMCIA card that I will use for regular network connection which will also allow me to connect to the laptop remotely. I will utilize the built in 1Gig connection for my Sniffer connection to a spanned port on the switch. First step was to insert the Ubuntu Desktop 9.10 CD and select Install when booted off the CD. I selected to erase the drive and I selected the default partition schema. The installation takes about 15-20 minutes to copy off everything from the CD to the Harddrive, so its a patience/waiting game (hopefully you brought your Macbook with you so you have something to surf the internet with). After the reboot and you login click on System - Administration - Update Manager (this will update all your packages with the latest security updates and will probably take about 15-20 minutes, good thing you have your MacBook still with you to surf the internet) HIGH LEVEL Install Ubuntu Desktop 9.10 (20min) Update Packages (20min) Install Darkstat sudo apt-get install darkstat sudo gedit /etc/darkstat/init.cfg sudo /etc/init.d/darkstat start [*]Install Wireshark sudo apt-get install wireshark (edit Application menu and change properties for wireshark to include gksu before wireshark) [*]Install Etherape sudo agt-get install etherape [*]Install Ethstatus sudo apt-get install ethstatus [*]Reboot [*]Install SSH [*]Configure VNC system - preferences - remote desktop [*]Install FTP Server sudo apt-get install vsftpd sudo gedit /etc/vsftpd.conf sudo /etc/init.d/vsftpd start

I've always used my Macbook or a Windows machine to perform network captures and analysis. The Macbook is still my preferred machine but I am not leaving my Macbook anywhere so capturing traffic is limited to while I am onsite. The Windows machine isn't reliable enough to stay up long enough to deem worthy and all the security patched (which all require a reboot) is creating more of a hassel then its worth. Also with Windows they use CIFS which means that Windows is unable to utilize even half the available bandwidth (this is fixed in Windows 7 from my understanding but other issues exist with Windows 7 currently not making it available). So what is the correct tool to use to capture network traffic and analze over a period of time. Answer: Ubuntu! I found an old Dell Inspiron 6000 that the LCD monitor doesn't work anymore on but the VGA output works find if connected to a monitor so I am using that laptop for my network laptop. I plugged in an old Compaq 10/100 PCMCIA card that I will use for regular network connection which will also allow me to connect to the laptop remotely. I will utilize the built in 1Gig connection for my Sniffer connection to a spanned port on the switch. First step was to insert the Ubuntu Desktop 9.10 CD and select Install when booted off the CD. I selected to erase the drive and I selected the default partition schema. The installation takes about 15-20 minutes to copy off everything from the CD to the Harddrive, so its a patience/waiting game (hopefully you brought your Macbook with you so you have something to surf the internet with). After the reboot and you login click on System - Administration - Update Manager (this will update all your packages with the latest security updates and will probably take about 15-20 minutes, good thing you have your MacBook still with you to surf the internet) HIGH LEVEL Install Ubuntu Desktop 9.10 (20min) Update Packages (20min) Install Darkstat sudo apt-get install darkstat sudo gedit /etc/darkstat/init.cfg sudo /etc/init.d/darkstat start [*]Install Wireshark sudo apt-get install wireshark (edit Application menu and change properties for wireshark to include gksu before wireshark) [*]Install Etherape sudo agt-get install etherape [*]Install Ethstatus sudo apt-get install ethstatus [*]Reboot [*]Install SSH [*]Configure VNC system - preferences - remote desktop [*]Install FTP Server sudo apt-get install vsftpd sudo gedit /etc/vsftpd.conf sudo /etc/init.d/vsftpd start

Sometimes doing a search will not find the hosts file. Typically the hosts file is located on a windows machine at the following location: %SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\ So you can click on Start - Run and type: See if the file is there in explorer run: explorer %SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\ To edit the file run: notepad %SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts to edit the file If you aren't seeing the file in that location then the administrator may have moved the location of the hosts file. No worries, you can find the new location by looking in the registry at: \HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\DataBasePath

Sometimes doing a search will not find the hosts file. Typically the hosts file is located on a windows machine at the following location: %SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\ So you can click on Start - Run and type: See if the file is there in explorer run: explorer %SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\ To edit the file run: notepad %SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts to edit the file If you aren't seeing the file in that location then the administrator may have moved the location of the hosts file. No worries, you can find the new location by looking in the registry at: \HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\DataBasePath

Since I switched from vBulletin to the more powerful and stable IPS I had to do some research on a new Garage solution to replace vBproGarage running on vBulletin. The best solution I have found so far that comes somewhat close is Garage 2.0.2 offered by DevFuse. Now if you have used vBproGarage and switch over you will be disappointed as now you also will need to purchase Timeslips from DevFuse to be able to record track information but it's possible and so far the only real solution/replacement. As you get into DevFuse Garage you learn that the product is somewhat user friendly but not to the degree that vbprogarage is but then again, it is the best solution for IPS. If someone believes a better product for IPS exists, then please let me know but I'm 75% happy with DevFuse Garage with the hopes that future updates will make it even better.

Since I switched from vBulletin to the more powerful and stable IPS I had to do some research on a new Garage solution to replace vBproGarage running on vBulletin. The best solution I have found so far that comes somewhat close is Garage 2.0.2 offered by DevFuse. Now if you have used vBproGarage and switch over you will be disappointed as now you also will need to purchase Timeslips from DevFuse to be able to record track information but it's possible and so far the only real solution/replacement. As you get into DevFuse Garage you learn that the product is somewhat user friendly but not to the degree that vbprogarage is but then again, it is the best solution for IPS. If someone believes a better product for IPS exists, then please let me know but I'm 75% happy with DevFuse Garage with the hopes that future updates will make it even better.

Without doubt, vbulletin pro garage is the best item on the market and very well priced for what it offers. Support is very good and listens to the customers. They tailor to the user that wants to customize their garage being hosted on the site to them. They allow users to add a vehicle (on the fly) if it doesn't exist and adds it as part of the drop down list for the future users. So the community is helping build a complete garage. The index of the garage isn't overwhelming and it has many hooks to allow placement of different parts (rotating image, car of the day, modification of the day, etc) throughout your vBulletin site. I have tried others to include dtogarage and find that vBulletin Pro Garage (which use to be CND Systems Garage) is much better and more user friendly. Please post your questions on this product on vbulletinprogarage.com forum and not here. We no longer use vBulletin as you can probably see.

Without doubt, vbulletin pro garage is the best item on the market and very well priced for what it offers. Support is very good and listens to the customers. They tailor to the user that wants to customize their garage being hosted on the site to them. They allow users to add a vehicle (on the fly) if it doesn't exist and adds it as part of the drop down list for the future users. So the community is helping build a complete garage. The index of the garage isn't overwhelming and it has many hooks to allow placement of different parts (rotating image, car of the day, modification of the day, etc) throughout your vBulletin site. I have tried others to include dtogarage and find that vBulletin Pro Garage (which use to be CND Systems Garage) is much better and more user friendly. Please post your questions on this product on vbulletinprogarage.com forum and not here. We no longer use vBulletin as you can probably see.

Here are instructions on how to change the way your Internet Browser connects to the Internet. INTERNET EXPLORER With your browser open, click on Tools – Internet Options then click on the Connections tab to get a screen similar to the one shown here. Click on the LAN settings button to get the screen shown below Place a checkmark next to Automatically detect settings and Use automatic configuration script. Enter the address used for proxy (copy down the current address if one is entered for rolling back to previous settings) Click OK and you are done.

Here are instructions on how to change the way your Internet Browser connects to the Internet. INTERNET EXPLORER With your browser open, click on Tools – Internet Options then click on the Connections tab to get a screen similar to the one shown here. Click on the LAN settings button to get the screen shown below Place a checkmark next to Automatically detect settings and Use automatic configuration script. Enter the address used for proxy (copy down the current address if one is entered for rolling back to previous settings) Click OK and you are done.

If the port is going down and up then I would check that PC for virus/spyware. Each time we have a port doing this it is because of an infected PC that is scanning every IP in existence as fast as it can. If it is MAC address flapping between two ports, you may have a multi-nic server that needs etherchannel support from the switch. If macs are flappiing between cross-over/trunks you may have some kind of loop or repeated fail-over.

If the port is going down and up then I would check that PC for virus/spyware. Each time we have a port doing this it is because of an infected PC that is scanning every IP in existence as fast as it can. If it is MAC address flapping between two ports, you may have a multi-nic server that needs etherchannel support from the switch. If macs are flappiing between cross-over/trunks you may have some kind of loop or repeated fail-over.

Office1 has SQL 2000 server Office2 connects to SQL 2000 server via a 10M fibre link User at Office2 are complaining of slow response times from the SQL server at Office1 TROUBLESHOOT: Run SQLDIAG on the Server to see if it is an Server vs. Connection issue. Stop and re-start the SQL Server. Click Start | Run | CMD Type SQLDIAG Press Enter. Follow any on screen commands. After the error occurs press Ctrl+C to stop SQLDIAG. Analyze the files (default location: C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\Tools\Binn\SQLDIAG) If you are using a packet capture tool like wireshark, you can filter for TCP/IP port 1433 which is traffic, by default, used by MS SQL Server.

Office1 has SQL 2000 server Office2 connects to SQL 2000 server via a 10M fibre link User at Office2 are complaining of slow response times from the SQL server at Office1 TROUBLESHOOT: Run SQLDIAG on the Server to see if it is an Server vs. Connection issue. Stop and re-start the SQL Server. Click Start | Run | CMD Type SQLDIAG Press Enter. Follow any on screen commands. After the error occurs press Ctrl+C to stop SQLDIAG. Analyze the files (default location: C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\Tools\Binn\SQLDIAG) If you are using a packet capture tool like wireshark, you can filter for TCP/IP port 1433 which is traffic, by default, used by MS SQL Server.

Microsoft Support Tools (available on XP CD) come a tool called netcap.exe When you first run the Netcap.exe program, it installs the Network Monitor driver and binds it to all network adapters. example: netcap /n:1 /b:150 /c:c:\Source.cap

Microsoft Support Tools (available on XP CD) come a tool called netcap.exe When you first run the Netcap.exe program, it installs the Network Monitor driver and binds it to all network adapters. example: netcap /n:1 /b:150 /c:c:\Source.cap

I just moved over to IPS from vBulletin and when I was with vBulletin I was a HUGE fan of vbSEO. It totally sent traffic to my site and made the URL's easy to read. Since I moved over to IPS I was looking for a vbSEO and first tried something by IceLabz but none of my sitemaps would ever index in Google so I decided to jump off that bandwagon after giving it a month. Then I did some research and came across the professional looking CommunitySEO or CSEO for short. I also saw the big review of CSEO from cfarber (a staff member of IPS) recommending CSEO and stated how wonderful the traffic load increase has been since installing CSEO. So I thought, since IPS staff recommends it, I should pay the $100+ for this tool as well. BIG MISTAKE It did nothing but mess up my site. Yes I eventually got some of it to work and some URL's indexed but it also provided Google with over 3000 links that are not able to follow (deadlinks). I also had conflicts with other applications and it appeared the application iteself isn't very well supported. In fact, if you register you will see more people complaining about the product then complimenting it or even adding suggestions to help improve the product like people do with IPS. So I strongly recommend against CSEO and stick with the IPS native FURL. You may want to download the free Sitemap Generator which does seem to work very well. A lot of seperate sitemaps but they seem to work. I already have way more submitted links in Google with these sitemaps then I did with CSEO (nothing indexed yet but I do have a 0 in the column which shows a sign it is probably coming soon).

I just moved over to IPS from vBulletin and when I was with vBulletin I was a HUGE fan of vbSEO. It totally sent traffic to my site and made the URL's easy to read. Since I moved over to IPS I was looking for a vbSEO and first tried something by IceLabz but none of my sitemaps would ever index in Google so I decided to jump off that bandwagon after giving it a month. Then I did some research and came across the professional looking CommunitySEO or CSEO for short. I also saw the big review of CSEO from cfarber (a staff member of IPS) recommending CSEO and stated how wonderful the traffic load increase has been since installing CSEO. So I thought, since IPS staff recommends it, I should pay the $100+ for this tool as well. BIG MISTAKE It did nothing but mess up my site. Yes I eventually got some of it to work and some URL's indexed but it also provided Google with over 3000 links that are not able to follow (deadlinks). I also had conflicts with other applications and it appeared the application iteself isn't very well supported. In fact, if you register you will see more people complaining about the product then complimenting it or even adding suggestions to help improve the product like people do with IPS. So I strongly recommend against CSEO and stick with the IPS native FURL. You may want to download the free Sitemap Generator which does seem to work very well. A lot of seperate sitemaps but they seem to work. I already have way more submitted links in Google with these sitemaps then I did with CSEO (nothing indexed yet but I do have a 0 in the column which shows a sign it is probably coming soon).

I just learned that this is a restriction of BIND and not F5 BigIP or even Cisco The best way to analyze a URL is in four parts scheme (http, https, etc.) hostname (mywiseguys.com) path (/forums/gallery/) query (#entry620) BIND DNS can address only the hostname portion of this where a load balancer pretty much doesn't have much for limitations.

I just learned that this is a restriction of BIND and not F5 BigIP or even Cisco The best way to analyze a URL is in four parts scheme (http, https, etc.) hostname (mywiseguys.com) path (/forums/gallery/) query (#entry620) BIND DNS can address only the hostname portion of this where a load balancer pretty much doesn't have much for limitations.

It's been my experience that a CNAME for your old site to your new domain name is a really good way to go about it. Here's why: Pro's: you can leave it there forever and forget about it with little drain on the university resources. (having them serve a refresh web-page or a redirect is probably more likely to get screwed up next time they diddle with their webserver) you can later change the DNS of your new machine around (if you get new IP addresses, for instance) and the university name points to your new domain name regardless of the IP address you can treat the traffic from people who are trying to go to your old name differently. (set up apache on your new machine to serve that virtual host differently, for instance to redirect to your new site with a notice or something of the change) you can serve your site entirely with no redirects or refreshes, which some people claim affect spiders/search engine's rankings of your site. Use apache's ServerName directive to correct the hostname that the browser requested. Con's if people send mail to you at your old university machine, it may have problems because your MX record may end up being pointed to a CNAME record, which is not strictly acceptable by standards. you may have to set up your new web server to either have this extra virtual host (and treat it just like your new domain name) or to serve pages for any hostname which points to your new IP address (often called a default virtual host, which you can't do sometimes if you're just one virtual host on your hosting company's machine) There are probably more arguments on each side, but I think that putting in a CNAME record for your old hostname pointing to your new one is the best way to go about it. Example: In their dns zone files they have a record similar to the following blah.mypc.com. IN A 1.2.2.2 To do a dns redirect using a CNAME record they need to change blah.mypc.com. IN A 1.2.2.2 to blah.mypc.com. IN CNAME myname.com. The main drawback is that the old URL " http://blah.mypc.com " will appear in the browser's address bar. Hope it helps.

It's been my experience that a CNAME for your old site to your new domain name is a really good way to go about it. Here's why: Pro's: you can leave it there forever and forget about it with little drain on the university resources. (having them serve a refresh web-page or a redirect is probably more likely to get screwed up next time they diddle with their webserver) you can later change the DNS of your new machine around (if you get new IP addresses, for instance) and the university name points to your new domain name regardless of the IP address you can treat the traffic from people who are trying to go to your old name differently. (set up apache on your new machine to serve that virtual host differently, for instance to redirect to your new site with a notice or something of the change) you can serve your site entirely with no redirects or refreshes, which some people claim affect spiders/search engine's rankings of your site. Use apache's ServerName directive to correct the hostname that the browser requested. Con's if people send mail to you at your old university machine, it may have problems because your MX record may end up being pointed to a CNAME record, which is not strictly acceptable by standards. you may have to set up your new web server to either have this extra virtual host (and treat it just like your new domain name) or to serve pages for any hostname which points to your new IP address (often called a default virtual host, which you can't do sometimes if you're just one virtual host on your hosting company's machine) There are probably more arguments on each side, but I think that putting in a CNAME record for your old hostname pointing to your new one is the best way to go about it. Example: In their dns zone files they have a record similar to the following blah.mypc.com. IN A 1.2.2.2 To do a dns redirect using a CNAME record they need to change blah.mypc.com. IN A 1.2.2.2 to blah.mypc.com. IN CNAME myname.com. The main drawback is that the old URL " http://blah.mypc.com " will appear in the browser's address bar. Hope it helps.

How To - Click Start, Click Run and enter the command Click OK Run commands Calc - Calculator Cfgwiz32 - ISDN Configuration Wizard Charmap - Character Map Chkdisk - Repair damaged files Cleanmgr - Cleans up hard drives Clipbrd - Windows Clipboard viewer Cmd - Opens a new Command Window (cmd.exe) Control - Displays Control Panel Dcomcnfg - DCOM user security Debug - Assembly language programming tool Defrag - Defragmentation tool Drwatson - Records programs crash & snapshots Dxdiag - DirectX Diagnostic Utility Explorer - Windows Explorer Fontview - Graphical font viewer Ftp - ftp.exe program Hostname - Returns Computer's name Ipconfig - Displays IP configuration for all network adapters Jview - Microsoft Command-line Loader for Java classes MMC - Microsoft Management Console Msconfig - Configuration to edit startup files Msinfo32 - Microsoft System Information Utility Nbtstat - Displays stats and current connections using NetBios over TCP/IP Netstat - Displays all active network connections Nslookup- Returns your local DNS server Ping - Sends data to a specified host/IP Regedit - registry Editor Regsvr32 - register/de-register DLL/OCX/ActiveX Regwiz - Reistration wizard Sfc /scannow - Sytem File Checker Sndrec32 - Sound Recorder Sndvol32 - Volume control for soundcard Sysedit - Edit system startup files (config.sys, autoexec.bat, win.ini, etc.) Systeminfo - display various system information in text console Taskmgr - Task manager Telnet - Telnet program Taskkill - kill processes using command line interface Tskill - reduced version of Taskkill from Windows XP Home Tracert - Traces and displays all paths required to reach an internet host Winchat - simple chat program for Windows networks Winipcfg - Displays IP configuration Management Consoles certmgr.msc - Certificate Manager ciadv.msc - Indexing Service compmgmt.msc - Computer management devmgmt.msc - Device Manager dfrg.msc - Defragment diskmgmt.msc - Disk Management fsmgmt.msc - Folder Sharing Management eventvwr.msc - Event Viewer gpedit.msc - Group Policy -XP Pro only iis.msc - Internet Information Services lusrmgr.msc - Local Users and Groups mscorcfg.msc - Net configurations ntmsmgr.msc - Removable Storage perfmon.msc - Performance Manager secpol.msc - Local Security Policy services.msc - System Services wmimgmt.msc - Windows Management Shortcuts access.cpl - Accessibility Options hdwwiz.cpl - Add New Hardware Wizard appwiz.cpl - dd/Remove Programs timedate.cpl - Date and Time Properties desk.cpl - Display Properties inetcpl.cpl - Internet Properties joy.cpl - Joystick Properties main.cpl keboard - Keyboard Properties main.cpl - Mouse Properties ncpa.cpl - Network Connections ncpl.cpl - Network Properties telephon.cpl - Phone and Modem options powercfg.cpl - Power Management intl.cpl - Regional settings mmsys.cpl sounds - Sound Properties mmsys.cpl - Sounds and Audio Device Properties sysdm.cpl - System Properties nusrmgr.cpl - User settings firewall.cpl - Firewall Settings (sp2) wscui.cpl - Security Center (sp2) Windows Environment Commands %ALLUSERSPROFILE% - Open the All User's Profile %HomeDrive% - Opens your home drive e.g. C:\ %UserProfile% - Opens you User's Profile %temp% Opens - temporary file Folder %systemroot% - Opens Windows folder Wupdmgr - Takes you to Microsoft Windows Update General keyboard shortcuts CTRL+C(Copy) CTRL+X (Cut) CTRL+Z (Undo) DELETE (Delete) SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin) CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item) CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item) F2 key (Rename the selected item) CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word) CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word) CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph) CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text) CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph) SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document) CTRL+A (Select all) F3 key (Search for a file or a folder) ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item) ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program) ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object) ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window) CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously) ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items) ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened) F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop) F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer) SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item) ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window) CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu) ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu) Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command) F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program) RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu) LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu) F5 key (Update the active window) BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer) ESC (Cancel the current task) SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing) CTRL+SHIFT+ESC (Open Task Manager) Dialog box keyboard shortcuts If you press SHIFT+F8 in extended selection list boxes, you enable extended selection mode. In this mode, you can use an arrow key to move a cursor without changing the selection. You can press CTRL+SPACEBAR or SHIFT+SPACEBAR to adjust the selection. To cancel extended selection mode, press SHIFT+F8 again. Extended selection mode cancels itself when you move the focus to another control. CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs) CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs) TAB (Move forward through the options) SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options) ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option) ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button) SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box) Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons) F1 key (Display Help) F4 key (Display the items in the active list) BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box) Microsoft natural keyboard shortcuts Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box) Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop) Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows) Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restore the minimized windows) Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer) Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder) CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers) Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help) Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard) Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box) Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager) Accessibility keyboard shortcuts Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off) Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off) Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off) SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off) NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off) Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager) Windows Explorer keyboard shortcuts END (Display the bottom of the active window) HOME (Display the top of the active window) NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder) NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder) NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder) LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder) RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder) Shortcut keys for Character Map After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts RIGHT ARROW (Move to the right or to the beginning of the next line) LEFT ARROW (Move to the left or to the end of the previous line) UP ARROW (Move up one row) DOWN ARROW (Move down one row) PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time) PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time) HOME (Move to the beginning of the line) END (Move to the end of the line) CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character) CTRL+END (Move to the last character) SPACEBAR (Switch between Enlarged and Normal mode when a character is selected) Microsoft Management Console (MMC) main window keyboard shortcuts • CTRL+O (Open a saved console) CTRL+N (Open a new console) CTRL+S (Save the open console) CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item) CTRL+W (Open a new window) F5 key (Update the content of all console windows) ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu) ALT+F4 (Close the console) • ALT+A (Display the Action menu) ALT+V (Display the View menu) ALT+F (Display the File menu) ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu) MMC console window keyboard shortcuts CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane) ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window) SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item) F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item) F5 key (Update the content of all console windows) CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window) CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window) ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item) F2 key (Rename the selected item) CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console) Remote desktop connection navigation CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft Windows NT Security dialog box) ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right) ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left) ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order) ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu) CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen) ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu) CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.) CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.) Microsoft Internet Explorer navigation CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box) CTRL+E (Open the Search bar) CTRL+F (Start the Find utility) CTRL+H (Open the History bar) CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar) CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box) CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address) CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L) CTRL+R (Update the current Web page) CTRL+ CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box) W (Close the current window) Note Some keyboard shortcuts may not work if StickyKeys is turned on in Accessibility Options, Some of the Terminal Services client shortcuts that are similar to the shortcuts in Remote Desktop Sharing are not available when you use Remote Assistance in Windows XP Home Edition.